KHERSON – Shane Leahy, a former Munster rugby player and chief executive of the tech firm Oxygen8, has returned to the front lines of the conflict in Ukraine to facilitate the delivery of critical medical supplies to the besieged city of Kherson.
The mission underscores a complex intersection of private humanitarianism and industrial diplomacy, as Leahy’s efforts to save lives in the conflict zone coincide with an escalating international controversy over Irish industrial exports that allegedly fuel the Russian military apparatus.
As one of the most volatile regions in southern Ukraine, Kherson serves as a focal point for the war’s attrition. Since the Russian withdrawal from the city in late 2022, the region has remained under constant bombardment due to its position on the western bank of the Dnipro River, which separates Ukrainian forces from Russian-occupied territory.
The Logistics of Survival
Leahy operates through One4Humanity, a charity he co-founded with risk consultant Norman Sheehan. The organization acts as a critical logistics bridge, coordinating the distribution of medical aid provided by the U.S.-based charity Heart to Heart International.
Since the invasion began in 2022, Leahy has coordinated the delivery of more than €200 million in medical aid, traveling to Ukraine more than 40 times. Currently, One4Humanity distributes approximately €10 million in medical supplies every month, feeding directly into a health system that has been formally designated a conflict zone by Ukraine’s Ministry of Health and supported, in part, by emergency measures under the European Union’s civil protection mechanisms.
The supply chain relies on strategic industrial partnerships, specifically utilizing Cemark-Ukraine’s largest cement company and a subsidiary of the Irish multinational CRH-to ensure deliveries reach the front line. Using commercial infrastructure in this way allows the aid operation to mirror the kinds of just‑in‑time logistics normally associated with private industry, but in this case under the constraints of martial law and curfews.
Speaking to reporters from Ukraine, Leahy explained a recent diversion in his route to respond to an urgent request from the Ukrainian Ministry of Health regarding a warehouse failure.
“We supply medicines to the Ukraine ministry of health, and they had a problem with a warehouse over here, so they asked us to deliver directly to the hospitals instead of bringing it to their distribution point … I loaded up the truck,” Leahy said. “I was heading to Odesa … but obviously got the call from Kherson – they needed it more so we went with it to Kherson.”
The aid encompasses a comprehensive range of pharmaceuticals required for both chronic and acute wartime needs:
- Antibiotics and painkilling medications
- Chemotherapy and heart medicines
- Psychotropic medications for depression and anxiety
- Specialized surgical equipment for limb reconstruction and amputations
To address the lack of permanent infrastructure, One4Humanity has deployed 19 mobile hospital units constructed from 20-foot shipping containers. These mobile surgical theatres allow medical personnel to perform emergency operations, including skin grafts and explosive-injury reconstructions, closer to the point of injury. The initiative is supported by a network of specialists, including the UCD Ukraine Trauma Project, the Garda, and Ireland’s National Rehabilitation Hospital, effectively extending Ireland’s medical expertise into a frontline setting.
A City Under Fire
Kherson is currently regarded as one of the most dangerous urban centers in Ukraine. The city faces indiscriminate daily shelling and drone attacks, leading international observers to describe transit within the city as a “human safari,” with civilians and aid workers exposed on open streets and river crossings.
Leahy, who has visited Kherson six times, noted a fundamental shift in the nature of the conflict. He described witnessing drones operating overhead, signaling the evolution of the war into a high-tech battle of attrition in which civilian infrastructure and supply routes are continuously mapped and targeted.
“In that sense, the manpower, while it matters, doesn’t matter as much because it’s the technology that matters more in terms of the drones,” Leahy said.
The humanitarian crisis in the region is exacerbated by the destruction of electricity grids and dams, leaving tens of thousands of civilians on both banks of the Dnipro struggling for basic utilities amid 15 months of intense military hostilities. For Kherson’s hospitals, that has translated into chronic shortages of power, clean water, and trained staff, increasing dependence on foreign‑supplied generators, field units, and outside medical teams.
The Alumina Controversy
While Leahy works to mitigate the damage of the war, he has become a vocal critic of Irish industrial ties to the Russian Federation. The controversy centers on Aughinish Alumina, a refinery based in Limerick, Ireland, that forms part of Russia-linked industrial supply chains.
An investigation by the Irish Times and the Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) revealed that Aughinish Alumina has been shipping significant quantities of alumina-the primary raw material for aluminum-to Russian smelters. This aluminum is then sold to a trading company, ASK, which supplies numerous Russian arms manufacturers, placing an Irish-based facility uncomfortably close to the production end of sanctioned Russian military hardware.
“I think anything going into Russia should be shut down – whether that shuts the plant down or not, I don’t know.”
The revelation has sparked diplomatic friction within the European Union. While several EU politicians have called for alumina to be added to the bloc’s sanctions lists to close this loophole, Irish government ministers have resisted, arguing that such sanctions would cause greater economic damage to Europe than to Russia. The dispute cuts to the heart of how far member states are willing to extend the EU’s restrictive measures regime on Russia into core industrial inputs that sustain local jobs.
Leahy, who is originally from Adare, Co. Limerick, and is familiar with the plant’s operations, described the continuation of these exports as “horrific.”
“I’m from Adare, Co Limerick, myself, so I know the plant very well,” Leahy said. He acknowledged that the company provides a large contribution to the Irish economy, but insisted that “you have to take a stand at some point.”
The Central Statistics Office has recently stated it is working to clarify export figures provided by Aughinish Alumina regarding its shipments to Russia, a review that could feed into future Cabinet decisions on whether Ireland should seek tighter sectoral sanctions or additional national reporting requirements on sensitive exports.
On Tuesday, Leahy met with the governor of Kherson Oblast, Oleksandr Prokudin, who is scheduled to visit Dublin later this month to discuss ongoing support and security requirements. Irish officials are expected to use that visit to weigh how bilateral assistance, private philanthropy and industrial policy intersect-on the same day that pharmaceutical pallets, drone strikes and alumina export data all form part of a single war‑time ledger.